Breast Cancer Basics: Signs, Symptoms, and What You Can Do

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide—and yes, it can affect men too. The good news? Knowing what to watch for and catching it early can make a huge difference. Let’s dive into the essentials: the signs, the treatment options, and where to find support.

What Is Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer happens when cells in the breast grow out of control, forming a tumor. These tumors can either be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). It can start in different parts of the breast:

• The lobules (where milk is produced)
• The ducts (which carry milk to the nipple)
• The connective tissue (the “glue” holding everything together)

Types of Breast Cancer You Should Know

There are many types, but here are the three most common:

• Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type. It starts in the milk ducts and spreads to nearby tissue.
• Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): This one begins in the lobules and can spread elsewhere.
• Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive form where abnormal cells stay in the ducts and don’t spread—for now.

Early Signs and Symptoms

The key to fighting breast cancer? Spotting it early. Watch out for:

• A lump in the breast or underarm area that feels different from the rest of your tissue.
• Changes in the size or shape of your breast.
• Swelling or skin irritation (think redness, dimpling, or puckering).
• Nipple discharge—especially if it’s bloody or happens unexpectedly.
• Any odd changes to the skin on your breast.

If you notice something unusual, don’t wait. Reach out to your doctor.

Why Early Detection Matters

Catching breast cancer early can lead to simpler treatments and better outcomes. Regular checks are your first line of defense:

• Self-exams: Start monthly self-checks in your 20s.
• Clinical exams: Every three years in your 20s and 30s, and annually after age 40.
• Mammograms: Start annual mammograms at 40—or sooner if you have a family history of breast cancer.

Pro tip: Set reminders for yourself. It’s easy to forget, but this habit can save lives.

Treatment Options: What Are the Choices?

Treating breast cancer depends on the type and how advanced it is. Here are the most common approaches:

• Surgery: Removes the tumor or entire breast. Options include:
• Lumpectomy: Removes just the tumor and a bit of surrounding tissue.
• Mastectomy: Removes one or both breasts.
• Radiation Therapy: Zaps leftover cancer cells with high-energy waves after surgery.
• Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Sometimes it’s given before surgery (to shrink the tumor) or after (to prevent it from coming back).
• Hormonal Therapy: For cancers fueled by hormones like estrogen, this treatment blocks their effect.
• Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific cancer cells. For example, drugs like Ibrance are often used to treat advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

Your doctor will work with you to create a plan that’s right for you.

Need Support? You’re Not Alone

Getting a breast cancer diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but support is out there:

• Support groups: Talking with others who’ve been there can help you feel less alone.
• Organizations like the American Cancer Society and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation: They offer resources, services, and even opportunities to join research studies.
• Clinical trials: These can give you access to cutting-edge treatments while helping advance cancer research.

Take Control of Your Breast Health

Breast cancer is tough, but knowledge is power. Stay on top of regular screenings, listen to your body, and don’t hesitate to ask for help if something feels off. If you or someone you know is dealing with breast cancer, reach out to a healthcare provider for guidance.

Remember: You’re not in this alone.